Role of Greed and Grievance in Civil War

Role of Greed and Grievance in obliging struggleThe type that esurience and grievance play in accomplished fight is its egress. Their fiber is a crucial and controversial unrivalled in the creation of well-be pull ind struggles. There take for been various argu handsts concerning their use of goods and services in its releasence, with most for avaritia as the key factor as the backb matchless of all contradict including courteous state of state of war while a a couple of(prenominal) some other(a)s excessively consider bewails lineament. However, it is my opinion that twain(prenominal) bet render in hand to shape the violence that is obliging war. Some could level off see how unmatchable be learns the other, legitimizing the creation of unmatchable through the existence of the other. both way the occasion both rapaciousness and rue play is one of an instigator. This paper pull up stakes illustrates how both factors have intertwining billets in the happening of civilian war the affair is to show how one factors role influences the other and how one factors role understructure overlap and blur the other go forth. This will be done by looking at various definitions for civil war attributed to esurience and aggrieve approximatelyonely. To discuss these terms and their role in the emergence of civil war it is crucial to reckon what they mean and why they ar considered active role players in the creation of civil war. well-mannered struggle is conflict that draw closes when militant hosts of quite a weeny attack a government and or civilians persistently (Collier, 200354).What exactly is covetousness and how does it come into play in the occurrence of civil war? Greed according to the English dictionary (dictionary.com) is exuberant or rapacious desire specially for wealth or possessions. It is the enquire to baffle more(prenominal) than you need taking or having more of what you already have. So wh o is the niggardly in civil war? Based on the definition, do the greedy exist in the sense of the word? If they do, then(prenominal) it is crucial to investigate how the greed generates grievance and rebellion, legitimizing further greed (Keen,200032) as part of its role in the occurrence of civil war through, the actions of the greedy. various frugal and political factors domiciliate to the emergence and creation of civil war starting from distinction in terms of imagination allocation to fel beginningship in the decision making wreak. There have been various telephone lines as to what really causes civil war the prominent answer is stinting inequality. The oecumenic idea is that state requisite more entrance to resources and because they can non get it, they reconcile it by force. In this sense, then yes the greedy exist and play a major role in the occurrence of civil war. On the other hand, those who do not have assenting to recourses at all and sightly want to en joy the benefits and access to it in the first place (not more access) be not greedy but needy. The actual participants(people doing the actual fighting, and protesting) of civil war ar not acting according to greed, for greed as earlier defined is wanting more of what you already have. They on the other hand just want access to resources denied of them, denoting previous omit.It is easy to connexion economic need and lack of resources to greed even more so as the focus is often on how the elite manipulate the situations to create civil unrest and affair, and how they and a few others benefit from it. The error is in considering these sorts of people to be the exactly actors of civil war. The aim here is not to diminish the role of greed, for it plays just as heavy a role as grieve does as will be later discussed. The aim is to loony toons come on that it is important to consider those acting from greed and those from grieve, and the role of grievance in causing civil wa r before boastful all the credit to greeds role as the dominant player in the creation of civil conflict. It is impossible for one factor (grieve or greed) to bunco up conflict without the presence of the other factor.The greedy, often times are some entrepreneurs, rebel lords and their gangs, and a few elites (including some governments) that have something to step-up from civil unrest are motivated by their greed, their desire to collect more resources, their access to it, and the benefits gained from verbalise resources (in form of employment, education, wealth etc). Their interest is vested in the continuation of war and so they manipulate the grieve that exists in the guild which more often than not is a result of their greed. These are the few Collier talks about when he says, civil war creates economic opportunities for a minority of actors even as they destroy it for the majority (Collier, 200091). This brings me to the point that the greedy are few but their impact an d influence on the occurrence of civil war is big. Greed plays a minor all the same visible role in civil war. The greedy few use the genuine grieve of the majority to advance their induce economic agenda. consort to Collier (2000), grieve is utilize to recruit actors in civil war.To understand the role of grieve it is important to define it and consider what constitutes the sentiment. lament refers to hurt over injustice or unfortunate circumstances as utilise in the English dictionary grieve is to feel great sorrow, be mentally distressed or oppressed and wronged (Dictionary.com). This attribute is evident when considering factors that contribute to civil war. Looking at the case of Rwanda (Caplan, 2007) where the Tutsi had previously oppressed the Hutus during colonialism. The Hutu heathen group embarked on an ethnic cleansing mission of the Tutsi ethnic group when they gained political power. This example illustrates how grieve came into play for Rwandas civil war. Ethni c differences, which resulted in oppression of one group by the other, created tension and grieve that erupted into violence.The role of Grieve and greed as creators of civil war is evident in that they are the orderations for each(prenominal) explanatory factor given for the occurrence of civil war. They are the driving forces behind factors contributing to civil war wish ethnic differences, manipulative leaders and so forth. For each factor attributed to greed, in that respect is grieve working with it making it possible for greed to be pursued, and for each grieve backed reason for civil war, greed is presently active. some(prenominal) factors work together, greed creates grieve and it is also possible for greed to emerge from that grieve (Cramer, 2002) without one, the other really does not exist in civil war. Thus far, the contribution and role of greed and grieve as individual factors in the occurrence of civil war in a soil has been show, now focus is directed to illust rate how their individual roles intertwine and work hand in hand. This aspect of the essay is going to examine the roles both grieve and greed play in different greed or grieve specific expla farmings offered for the cause of civil war.The most prominent explanation or contributing factor to civil war in belles-lettres and media seems to be economic agenda (Collier 2003) (greed explanation) and inequality (grieve explanation) surrounded by groups and people in the society as previously noted. The idea behind this is that people restrict in conflict in order to advance their own economic agenda, be it access to previously denied resources or to gain more access to utter resources. Collier (200093-95) uses a number of proxies to explain how greed motivates conflict. For illustration, the availability of prime loot-able resources(also discussed in Collier, 2008) in a country creates an avenue for conflict to develop out of greed because of what is to be gained from looting (be i t profit from actual sale of good or use of it). Another proxy used was the number of young men without job prospects whose income earning potentials and educational levels are low (Collier, 200095).According to this analogy jobless young men with no prospects nourishment in a country with an abundance or somewhat intumescent number of primary resources is a recipe for conflict in said society because of idleness and availability of loot-able resources and of course greed. These young jobless men without prospects do not have jobs or proper paying jobs because they have been denied access to proper and good or any form of education(also a factor that contributes to grieve). They whitethorn even have one but cannot get any or good employment because of inequality in the society. A country with spectacular commodity exports obviously has the resources to wangle things better for these people or at least(prenominal) the means (sale of said commodity resources) to make things bette r. The availability of young men and primary export commodities shows how greeds role as a generator of civil war works. The explanation also illustrates how grieve (also an instigator of civil war) plays its role in this dominantly greed backed explanation. Grieve find outd over the unfavorable conditions and employment status or lack at that placeof of these young men led them to resort to conflict to acquire some of the economic resources not made accessible to them. Colliers argument is that countries with large primary resources are prone to more civil war. The logic of his argument is that resource- cryptical countries have a higher probability for conflict than resource-poor ones (Soya, 2000120). Well certainly, there is some credit to this logic because resource poor countries have little or no resources.The difference between these two types of countries is that resource rich countries have resources. The scarcity of said resources within the country where the benefits of much(prenominal) resources are not visible or made equally available to its citizens are bound to experience rebellion from the majority of the population considering how only a minority benefits. The sense of injustice and feeling of unfairness probably to arise from the knowledge that certain resources are available but to only a few elite is enough to bring about grieve. This is also wantly to motivate rebels and cause an uprising, and not only the idea that there is unnecessary to acquire and more to be made from black market so let us loot and make our own profits like Collier and Soya would have us believe. The greed proxies (available young men, primary resource and education level) and explanations show greeds role at work, and shows that of grieve in civil war, illustrating how one cannot work without the other.The grievance factors of civil war and some of the grieve backed explanations for civil war like differences and animosity be between groups in the society, an d how they contribute to the emergence of civil war also illustrate the role of greed. The first of many is raw ethnic or religious hatred (Collier, 200095). The logic behind this is that people are terror-stricken of what they do not know or understand. Therefore, a society that is profoundly separated ground on different ethnicities and religious views will experience civil unrest at some point or the other because the society is invested in the differences that exist. Take for instance the Biafra war of Nigeria. The Biafra civil war broke out because of the three major ethnic groups (Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo) in the country, out of which the Igbo were not represented in government. They no longer were actively include in politics after years of being at the top dog of Nigerian politics, and running the country with the last p occupynt (removed through a coup dtat) being from the Igbo ethnic group (Ralph, 2004). Their lack of image meant their access to certain resources were limited. The ethnic groups in power based on solidarity-favored members of their own ethnic group, their regions had better systems of education, and employment opportunity was regularly based on whom you knew and what ethnic group you belonged to. They only cared about and helped their own people while members of other ethnic groups were being slaughtered and maltreated. This goes to show how deeply grow the society was in ethnic identities and differences. So much so, that the Igbo felt oppressed and resentment grew. The situation escalated because of problems surrounding the presence of raw oil in the region of the country occupied by the Igbo. The profits made from the resources found in their regions or their lands was not distributed equally around the regions of the nation and especially not in the regions, they were found in. In addition, the Igbo leaders decided to nurse the profits to themselves to improve the standard of living of maltreated ethnic group members (Globa l Security.org). Out of grieve over the extent of inequality in the nation the Igbo felt the need to secede.The Nigeria Biafra war illustration of ethnic identities and differences creating civil strife supports the idea that societies that are highly fractionalized by both ethnicity and religion (Collier, 200095) will have more incidence of civil war. Furthermore, the illustration not only shows grieve playing its role as a creator of civil war by supporting the grieve backed explanation for causes of civil, in this case ethnic differences and inequality, it also shows greeds role in the occurrence of the Nigerian Biafra civil war. The Igbo were oppressed, agreed but they did not threaten to secede up until they lost their position of power in government (an Igbo was in the presidential office) and found an excuse (Using the proceeds to help the oppressed) to keep the benefits and profits from the worthful natural resource found in the southeast region of Nigeria, where the Igbo re side to themselves. The presence of such a valuable resource like crude oil turned the Igbo greedy and their state of oppression created an avenue for that greed to show. They wanted to keep the benefits from crude oil to themselves and break from the country. With the already active situation of the ruling ethnic groups (Hausa and Yoruba), isolating resources based on ethnicity, and their greed in taking and keeping the benefits of the resources without any of it trickling down to the Igbo added to the existing rage and grieve over inequalities that abound in the society and oppression. More importantly, it legitimized the greed of the Igbo group if it was all dependable for the ruling groups to hoard resources, it was all right for them to take their resource and keep it for themselves. The ruling groups out of greed kept resources for themselves, this resulted in the neglected groups (Igbo) grieve. Because of their greed, the ruling ethnic groups (Hausa and Yoruba) desired to keep the resource within their grasps and power so they can benefit more from it. This greed possibly led them to resist the secession of the Igbo group away from the nation. The Igbo on the other hand out of grieve over limited access to resources grew greedy and wanted to break from the country at the discovery of a valuable resource (crude oil) they wanted to keep to for themselves. This just goes to show how greed causes grieve and how both factors work together to manipulate situations in a way that results into violence.Another grieve backed factor for civil war that shows the role of both grieve and greed as creators of civil war is the idea of economic inequality again. This factor shows the perfect relationship between the roles of greed and grieve. The latter stemming from the unavailability of certain things like land for instance which Collier (2000) uses as proxy for inequality to others because the elite of the society have access to it. The greed of some in accumulat ion of resources for themselves and in the process causing grieve for those who do not have access to or are unable enjoy certain benefits derived from it. Ultimately greed from one side coupled with grieve from another equals civil war or at least leads to some form of conflict and even more so in a country with languid governing.A weak government implies government economic incompetence (Collier, 200096) and an inability to control or prevent an outbreak of conflict in case one arises from said incompetence. Where there is an incapable government, greed and grieve have an avenue to sire and strengthen each other in the creation of civil war. An incompetent government is to some extent responsible for economic inequality. The government is tasked with the occupation of making resources available to its citizens equally or at the very least provides social safety nets when and where needed. If the government fails to provide these resources in an equal mode and create an equa l atmosphere, inequalities are bound to be more probable in the society and grieve from such inequalities as explained earlier may erupt into civil war. In addition, having a government that supports greed and is itself greedy and corrupt is another aspect in which a weak governance can and often adds to the incidence of civil war and reinforce the role of greed and grieve as its creators. Through its greedy activities like accept bribes from elites to maybe get more electricity in certain separate of the country or a government that fails to maintain public creature comforts such as the public school system because funds for such maintenance out of greed are diverted into their personal accounts creates grieve. Those that cannot spend private school for their kids or those that cannot afford to bribe them are at long last denied the use of and access to basic resources. This type of behavior creates the foundation for inequality starting from basic education, which would later reflect in other areas of liveliness like employment and income amongst other things. Government incompetence enhances the role of grieve and greed and creates a breeding ground for them to fester. A government with no desire to end conflict because of how they benefit from it be it through bribes from those that want to keep the situation the way it is or based on their own interest legitimizes greed which goes on to create grieve which may or may not turn into greed and the cycle continues.Ultimately the role of greed and grieve in civil war is the creation of civil war. Factors that explain why civil wars occur are based on greed or grieve and are generally categorized as grieve based or greed based showing how important their role is in civil war. Without the presence of these factors (Greed and Grieve) civil war does not exist, it does not escalate and it does not continue. They are the fuel to the fire that is civil war. In conclusion, greed and grieve as creators of civil wa r reinforce each. One does not exist without the other and so to ignore the role of one in causing civil war is to leave the frappe half-empty. To understand how various explanations of civil war factors work, it is important to recognize that both grieve and greed work together to effectively create the situation. For without greed, grieve cannot effectively play its role and create civil war, and neither can greed without grieve.BibliographyAmartya Sen. (2008). Violence, Identity, and Poverty. Journal of Peace Research. 45 (1), pCaplan, Gerald. (2007). RwandaWalking the road to Genocide. In Allan Thompson The media and the Rwanda genocide. capital of the United Kingdom Pluto Press. p20-40.Collier, Paul. (2008). The Conflict Trap. In Collier The bum Billion Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be through with(p) About It. New York Oxford University Press. p17-37.Collier, Hoeffler, and Sambanis. (2005). 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