Comment On The Contributions Of Robert K. Merton To The Development Of The Sociology Of Science.

One of the most out(a)standing characteristics of the development of the Western societies since the quantify of the Industrial Revolution was the key role played in them by science and technology , which had transformed almost all(prenominal) area of their life . The gradual accumulation of scientific familiarity (Kuhn , 1996 , pp .1-2 ) has lead to the stake that today technology enabled by scientific findings forms the backb unmatchable of the civilization . In this regard , it is hard to overvalue the importance of the too-careful investigating of the care fores and mechanisms that keep scientific endeavours breathing out , and one of the outstanding figures of the twentieth snow in this d was Robert King Merton , an American sociologist who , among other things , is renowned for his elaboration of what has been term ed as the sociology of science . Let us overview the contributions of Robert K . Merton to the development of the sociology of scienceThe investigation of the social circumstances that enable or inhibit the performance of obtaining of scientific knowledge was among the chief interests of Merton . In the first half of the 1940s he formulated the notion of the `ethos of science that pertains to the subjective social context with its own values in which scientific activities are taking place , and which shape the behaviour of scientists . What is authorised in this respect is that Merton viewed scientists as concrete individuals with certain motivations , aspirations , and fears , which offers a way for micro-sociological interpretation of scientific activitiesAmong methodological innovations introduced to the field of sociology by Merton are his explanation of some of the causes underlying the scientific genetic mutation , and the Mertonian norms that describe peculiarities o f science as we know it . In proportion to! the first problem , Merton , akin to the well-known study by Max Weber linking Protestant ethic to the rise of the capitalistic economy , claims that a similar referion existed between the German Protestant pietism and English Puritanism , which were branches of Lutheranism that in the seventeenth hundred protested against what they viewed as the dry and too general nature of Orthodox religious doctrines , and the establishment of the methodology of science based on the experimentation (Merton , 1993 . Also , among the reasons that promoted the rapid development of science Merton mentions the amassment of empiric data , and the improvement of experimental techniques (Merton , 1996 pp .223-240In their turn , the Mertonian norms stem from Merton`s interest in the culturally prescribed rules and values within the modern scientific environment which constitute the ethos of science . Merton ravisher out four imperatives of science formed on the macrocosm of the institutional a im of science that is to expand knowledge , and which shooter with the technical and methodological means used to achieve this inclination . These imperatives areCommunalism as the principle of sharing of scientific knowledge in contrast to secrecy . From this principle a bunch of connect ones follows , such as the intolerance towards dishonesty , and the practice of clangor match reviewsUniversalism as the two-sided maxim that on one turn over makes science open to...If you want to shit a secure essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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